AI Usage by Author

The author(s) may use AI only to support writing preparation, including grammar checking, language editing, enhancing figures and charts, and improving readability.

The usage of AI must not replace the author's original idea, critical reasoning, interpretation of research findings, and theoretical arguments.

AI Tools must not be listed as authors and/or co-authors.

Authors must submit an AI usage declaration when submitting the manuscript, as the template can be downloaded here.

AI Usage by Reviewer

Reviewers are strictly prohibited from uploading manuscripts to any AI tools.

AI tools can be used to support the reviewing process to refine the language reports and search for literature sources.

AI must not replace the reviewer's independent assessment and evaluations.

AI Usage by Editor

Editors are strictly prohibited from uploading manuscripts to any AI tools.

AI tools must not be used for the entire and/or final decision-making for publication decisions.

Editors may use AI tools to support administrative and technical editorial activities.